Strategic Recommendation for Teradyne

Analysis of Teradyne based on the five strategic principles The management of the Teradyne Company is looking for the best strategies to ensure that their products and services are optimized. Considering the first strategy to combat the threat of entry of new companies that offer the same products as Teradyne, it is important to make wise decisions. The new entries of companies into the market can threaten the performance of Teradyne as a company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Recommendation for Teradyne specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because they increase the market share, which will in turn put pressure on the prices and the value, which are the necessities to match. For example Teradyne were advised to produce those goods that would be needed by the current needs of the customer. Second strategy is the bargaining power of the suppliers. Teradyne needs to evaluate the products that they r eceive from the suppliers. Having strong suppliers helps the company to capture more benefits for itself. This makes them more powerful as they have the opportunity to charge more or increase the cost for instance the cyclical variability of sales and the need of having fixed engineering cost made Teradyne to understand the achievement of the best balance between long-term goals and the short-term goals. The third strategy is the knowledge and identifying the threat of substitutes. Substitutes in the same industry always perform similar functions, but they use different means. At times, the threat of a substitute is felt when the substitute replaces the buyers industry. Strategists are supposed to change their industry and make them more attractive such as producing more advanced substitutes for their products. In addition, rivalry amongst the existing competitors of Teradyne takes many forms, which include reduction, of prices and discounts, introduction of new products and adverti sing campaigns. The intensity of rivalry can be significantly felt if the competitors are numerous. Lastly, the power of buyers also has a tremendous impact on the strategic performance of Teradyne. Powerful customers are essential if their negotiating leverage is relative compared to the other competing industries, which in this case are the Japanese who produce better than Teradyne. There may be distinct groups of customers who differ in their bargaining power. Teradyne: SWOT analysis The objective of the new business was to develop a new grade of a new breed of industrial grade test equipment, which was designed and built to be highly reliable and easy to use. One of the successes of Teradyne was that all the competitors made transistor test equipment, and these transistors were more complex and difficult to test than the diodes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Teradyne incorporated things such as vertical marketing as well as recruiting of new staff to enhance the performance of the company. Reintegration was the strategic matter for this company. Through this, the customers will be in a position to determine how fast the new products were going to be accepted in the market. In relation to Aurora’s, there is a need to penetrate into the new markets and get new customers. One threat to the Teradyne Company is the competition from other companies. The major problem that Teradyne is facing is the threat of competition. Several competitors have the CMOS testers, which are highly recommended, as it is a new technology, which made them, stand out to be better that Teradyne. The engineers have to set up new partnerships, which are the key to getting details from the customers to prevent competition. The other important that the company should do is crucial is to come up with ways that will help in development of product policy, which will help in building market segments which have low penetration. It should be able to work closely with its customers, in ensuring that they keep their customers. This includes the development of an economic model that has to be worked out and it should be one that will ensure that the prices of the products are lowered. This way it will keep the company on the profitability margin. This report on Strategic Recommendation for Teradyne was written and submitted by user Amy Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips

In 1965, Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel made the observation that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. He predicted that this development would continue in the future and it has. Although the initial observation of transistors doubling every year has slowed down, it does still exists; only now they double every eighteen months. There is, however, a problem with this rate. By the year 2012 Intel plans to have the ability to integrate one billion transistors into a chip which will run at a speed of ten gigahertz. However, shortly after in the year 2017, the physical limitation of wafer fabrication technology will have been met. This means that either consumers of these microprocessors will have to be content with a speed of ten gigahertz, or a new method for making chips will have to be developed. Traditionally, computer microprocessors have used the method of silicon integrated circuits which was invented by Robert Noyce in 1958 and has been used ever since. This method allowed many transistors to be put on a single chip, and this allowed the creation of computers that were smaller, faster, and cheaper than ever before. Since these microchips were being created faster, a method of measuring performance had to be created, so a clock was placed inside the microprocessor. The processor clock is a circuit that emits a series of pulses with a precise pulse width and precise interval between consecutive pulses.[1] The time interval between the corresponding edges of two consecutive pulses is know as the clock cycle time. This method of measuring performance is quickly approaching its limits, and because of this the makers of these chips are looking into moving towards a â€Å"clockless† logic.[2] In order to move from the clock type processors existing today to the â€Å"clockless† processors of the future, chip developers are working on a i... Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips In 1965, Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel made the observation that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. He predicted that this development would continue in the future and it has. Although the initial observation of transistors doubling every year has slowed down, it does still exists; only now they double every eighteen months. There is, however, a problem with this rate. By the year 2012 Intel plans to have the ability to integrate one billion transistors into a chip which will run at a speed of ten gigahertz. However, shortly after in the year 2017, the physical limitation of wafer fabrication technology will have been met. This means that either consumers of these microprocessors will have to be content with a speed of ten gigahertz, or a new method for making chips will have to be developed. Traditionally, computer microprocessors have used the method of silicon integrated circuits which was invented by Robert Noyce in 1958 and has been used ever since. This method allowed many transistors to be put on a single chip, and this allowed the creation of computers that were smaller, faster, and cheaper than ever before. Since these microchips were being created faster, a method of measuring performance had to be created, so a clock was placed inside the microprocessor. The processor clock is a circuit that emits a series of pulses with a precise pulse width and precise interval between consecutive pulses.[1] The time interval between the corresponding edges of two consecutive pulses is know as the clock cycle time. This method of measuring performance is quickly approaching its limits, and because of this the makers of these chips are looking into moving towards a â€Å"clockless† logic.[2] In order to move from the clock type processors existing today to the â€Å"clockless† processors of the future, chip developers are working on a i...

Acceptance Or Rejection Of The Null Hypothesis Economics Essay

Acceptance Or Rejection Of The Null Hypothesis Economics Essay The appropriate value of t is 2.100. Since we are concerned whether b (the slope of original regression line) is significantly different fro B (the hypothesized slope of population regression), this is a two tailed test, and the critical values are  ±2.100. The standardized regression coefficient is 0.063, which is inside the acceptance region for our hypothesis test. Therefore, we accept null hypothesis that B is equal to 0.01. Step 6: Interpretation of the Result There is not enough difference between b and 0.01 for us to conclude that that B has changed from its historical value. Because of this, we feel that a one hundred percent increase in inflation would increase the poverty headcount by around 0.01%, as it has in the past. 2. Inflation and Ginni Coefficient The slope for the regression line that shows a relationship between inflation and gini coefficient is 0.5956. This means that a 100% increase in inflation would result in 0.5956% increase in gini coefficient. Now we wou ld perform the same hypothesis testing procedure to determine the authenticity of slope and whether the slope justifies the relationship between inflation and gini coefficient. Step 1: State the Null and the Alternative Hypothesis Let B denotes the hypothesized slope of actual regression line, the value of the actual slope of regression line is b = 0.5956. The first step is to find some value for B to compare with b= 0.5956. Suppose that over an extended past period of time, the slope of the relationship between inflation and gini coefficient was 0.5. To test whether this is still the case, we could define the hypothesis as: H0: B= 0.50 (Null hypothesis) H1: B à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0.50 (Alternative hypothesis) Step 2: Decide on Significance Level and Degree of Freedom Significance level ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05 and Degree of freedom (df) = n-2 = 19 – 2 = 17 Step 3: Find out Standard Error of b Where Sb = standard error of the regression coefficient Se = standard error of estimate Xi = valu es of the independent variable X-Bar = mean of the values of the independent variable n = number of the data points Year X Y X – X-Bar (X-X-Bar)2 Y2 XY 1963-64 4.19 38.6 -2.607368 6.79837008 1489.96 161.734 1966-67 8.58 35.5 1.7826316 3.17777535 1260.25 304.59 1968-69 1.58 33.6 -5.217368 27.2209332 1128.96 53.088 1969-70 4.12 33.6 -2.677368 7.16830166 1128.96 138.432 1970-71 5.71 33 -1.087368 1.18237008 1089 188.43 1971-72 4.69 34.5 -2.107368 4.44100166 1190.25 161.805 1979-80 8.33 37.3 1.5326316 2.34895956 1391.29 310.709 1984-85 5.67 36.9 -1.127368 1.27095956 1361.61 209.223 1985-86 4.35 35.5 -2.447368 5.98961219 1260.25 154.425 1986-87 3.6 34.6 -3.197368 10.2231648 1197.16 124.56 1987-88 6.29 34.8 -0.507368 0.25742271 1211.04 218.892 1990-91 12.66 40.7 5.8626316 34.370449 1656.49 515.262 1992-93 9.83 41 3.0326316 9.19685429 1681 403.03 1993-94 11.27 40 4.4726316 20.0044332 1600 450.8 1996-97 11.8 40 5.0026316 25.0263227 1600 472 1998-99 5.74 41 -1.057368 1.11802798 1681 23 5.34 2001-02 3.54 27.52 -3.257368 10.610449 757.3504 97.4208 2004-05 9.28 29.76 2.4826316 6.16345956 885.6576 276.1728 2005-06 7.92 30.18 1.1226316 1.26030166 910.8324 239.0256 Summation 129.15 678.06 0 177.829168 24481.06 4714.9392 X-Bar = 6.79 Y-Bar = 35.68 Se = 3.59 By putting Se and Summation (X-X-Bar) 2 in Sb, we have Sb = 0.269 Step 4: Find the Standardized Value of b t = b – BH0/Sb Where b = slope of fitted regression BH0 = actual hypothesized slope Sb = standard error of the regression coefficient By putting the values of the above in t, we have t = 0.355 Step 5: Conclusion on Acceptance or Rejection of the Null Hypothesis The appropriate value of t is 2.10. Since we are concerned whether b (the slope of original regression line) is significantly different from B (the hypothesized slope of population regression), this is a two tailed test, and the critical values are  ±2.10. The standardized regression coefficient is 0.355, which is inside the acceptance region for our hypothesis test. Therefore, we accept null hypothesis that B is equal to 0.5 Step 6: Interpretation of the Result There is not enough difference between b and 0.50 for us to conclude that that B has changed from its historical value. Because of this, we feel that a one hundred percent increase in inflation would result in an increase of 0.50% in gini coefficient, as it has in the past.

Wittig reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wittig reaction - Essay Example The latter chemical agent is commonly known as the witting reagent, it results into chemical agents known as alkene as well as triphenylphosphine oxide (Carrutthers, 1971). Discovered in 1954 by Georg Witting, it continues to be vastly used in the organic synthesis of alkene preparation. This procedure should not be misunderstood with, the Witting rearrangement chemical procedure which is based on a different theory. The witting reaction is normally applicable in the coupling of aldehydes and kentones, is the single substitution of phosphine ylides. The out coming data from the ylides test results is nearly exclusive with the z-alkene chemical agent product. As such for one to obtain the E-alkene chemical agent, there is need to apply ylides under stabilization which can also be substituted with unstablised ylides. This can be undertaken with the application of the Schlosser modification chemical tests, after which the Witting reaction chemical test can be performed (Vedejs et al, 20 00). The witting reaction has a variation known as the classical mechanism; this is the established theoratical procedure of the witting reaction chemical test. It involves the bulk steric of ylide, this interacts with sterochemicals to produce nucleophilic addittives. This gives rise to betaine, the carbon-carbon bond rotation produces betaine tht in turn produces oxaphosphetane. By eliminating the desireable z-alkene in addittion to triphenylphosphine oxide components, the simplified witting reagents are used in a sequenced procedure. The first sequence of this procedure begins with a combination of aldehyes and ketones, this is followed by the decomposition of betaine. This decomposition occurs to the fifth form, this stage is also known as the rate-determination level. However, with ylides under stablization the initial sequence is noticed to be the slowest. As such the general alkene formation rate is reduced with time, this results into a sizeable proportion of the akene produ ct in which case being the E-isomer. This creates an understanding of the reasons, behind the failure of the stablizing reagents in proper reaction with sterical hindered ketones (Vedejs et al. 2000). Witting reagents such as phosphorus ylides, are prepared in a formulated procedure. Phosphium salt is the known derivative of preparation; it is also a resulting chemical agent from the reaction of triphenylphosphine and alkyl halide. As such in order to create the witting reagent being ylide, phosphonium salt must undergo suspension in a solvent such like diethyl ether with treatment of strong base chemicals like phenyllithium which can also be substituted with butyllitium. This can be shown with the following chemical equation Ph3P+CH2R X? + C4H9Li > Ph3P=CH?R + LiX + C4H10, in this chemical procedure methylenetriphenylphosphorane is the simplified ylide in use (Vedejs and Marth, 1998). This yield is also a precursor to a more defined elaboration of the witting reagents, alkylation o ccurs as seen in this chemical equation Ph3P=CH2 by the main alkyl halide that creates a phosphonium salt substitution. The formulation of these salts, is deprotonated in the normal matter resulting into a chemical agent as identified by the following chemical equation Ph3P=CH?CH2R. The ylide which is the witting reagent is structured in such a way that is identified as phosphorane in written form. This is an established representation of the ylide form, being a vital contributor as carbon remains mildly nucleophilic. Its chemical structure is comprised of a ball-and-stick model arrangement, that is takes the physical form of a crystal structure. In terms of its reactivity, simplified phosphoranes are highly reactive and very unstable in

Royal Mail Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Royal Mail Literature Review - Essay Example This paper covers the theoretical concepts of the strategic processes implemented by Royal Mail that include its internal and external analysis. The review covers a wide variety of different sources to locate various types of information about the company. Furthermore, a detailed research has been done on the management of the company that includes the management of its workforce and the future targets that are desired to achieve. Organization Overview Royal Mail is one of the biggest postal and courier service company in United Kingdom. It has various subsidiaries which include Royal Mail, Post Office and Parcel-force all over the globe. The company also offers various services which include postal mail services, parcel delivery systems and general logistics systems through their subsidiaries. It mainly focuses on the deliveries of letters and packages to different parts of the world by all the regions in the United Kingdom. Royal Mail has nearly 113,000 post boxes and 14,300 post o ffice branches all over the country which collects letters, packages and parcels from many different businesses (Boxall & Purcell, 2003). These letters and packages are further processed through 70 mail centers, 8 regional distribution centers and 3,000 delivery offices that are located in different parts of the country (Goddard & Melville, 2004). Royal Mail is indeed one of the most successful organizations in United Kingdom and holds a unique place in the global market. Internal Analysis Royal Mail is one of the oldest courier service companies that is controlled by the government of United Kingdom. As far as its internal analysis is concerned, the core strategies that are implemented by this organization are listed below: Pricing Strategy The strategies of Royal are based upon customer centric approach and appropriate managerial implications are considered when they are implementing their own strategies. This organization strictly works on the principle that since the needs of th e customers vary with time therefore they should adapt to these changes that can benefit them in both the short and the long run (Barney & Clark, 2007). Similarly the customers should also believe that the products and services offered by this organization are value added and that they are meant for the targeted customers only. As far as the pricing strategy of this organization is concerned it mostly focuses to offer their services at lower rates that can be afforded by customers of every class. Although there are many pricing schemes that can be implemented by the organizations such as premium pricing, competitive pricing and discount pricing. However, in the initial stage when this company was launched they adapted the premium pricing as the product was new in the market and the customers were also responding quite well. But as the company grew older the company focused on discount pricing and after that competitive pricing options were also introduced because new competitors wer e entering into the market. Later they also implemented zonal pricing in order to obtain a competitive advantage in both the short and the long run. Marketing Strategy The marketing of Royal Mail is very proactive and that is the reason why they are able to implement different marketing strategies effectively. These strategies are usually created by the decision makers of the company. It is

Imperialism and Colonization Essay Example for Free

Imperialism and Colonization Essay Colonization and imperialism are inherently associated with an economic model that is meant to boost the economy of the colonizing power (herein referred to as benefactor state) by providing target market for manufactured goods and source of raw materials. During the twentieth century most colonies gained independence or autonomy resulting in a disruption of the economic model associated with colonization and imperialism. A current trend is globalization which necessitates a complete reversal of the economic role of states. The role has changed from serving as a market for the benefactor state to manufacturing products using inexpensive labor that are then sold back to the benefactor state. Many states (particularly in Africa) have not been able to adjust to this change and have, thus, been caught between colonization and globalization without strong economic ties to other nations. To minimize conflict within a state and between states, the respective nations must have ties that are strong enough to transcend national boundaries. This is evident when examining global trends such as colonization and globalization which tend to focus nations that would normally be at odds on a common goal. In the case of colonization, natives of occupied territories are inclined to unite against the occupying power. A current trend towards globalization has forced nations to unite because of an increased economic dependence between states. The claim (albeit untrue) that there has never been a war between two countries having McDonalds underscores the importance of economic ties that can transcend national boundaries. A History of Imperialism and Colonization During the height of colonialism, Britain controlled over a quarter of the land and one third of the population. Combined, Britain and eight other European countries controlled approximately 84% of the earth’s surface. (Conklin: 1) What factors allowed Europeans to exert such a strong influence on other parts of the world? More importantly, what were the motivations for subjugating the rest of the world that have made such a profound impact even in the modern world? J. A. Hobson describes the driving force behind olonization as â€Å"the investor who cannot find at home the profitable use he seeks for his capital, and insists that his Government should help him to profitable and secure investments abroad. † (Hobson: 15) On the practical side of colonization, armies are needed and colonization can’t occur until an industrial revolution begins. Industrialization requires cheap labor, a navy, a target market to buy surplus p roducts and raw materials. Without a large enough target audience for selling goods, the industrial revolution would have been stymied and Britain’s economy and industry could not have advanced as rapidly. Essentially, raw materials are shipped out of colonies to the colonizing country, manufactured into a finished product using cheap labor and then sold back to the colonies at profit. (Kollenbroich) Undoubtedly, there are other factors that motivated European powers to colonize; Christianity, national pride and civilizing those perceived as savages to name some. However, there is no denying that most colonies became economically dependent on the colonizing country. This implies that economic reasons, regardless of other motivating factors for colonization, were a driving force in colonization. In fact, the factors such as Christianity, national pride and the mission to civilize would often go hand in hand with the economic motivation and serve to conceal the economic reasons from the general public. (Kollenbroich) M. K. Ghandi agrees with that statement, â€Å"England is a nation of shopkeepers,† (attributed to Napoleon) and goes on to describe how the British, â€Å"hold whatever dominions they have for the sake of their commerce. † (Ghandi: 25) Continuing on the same note, Ghandi explains that the British view the world as a vast market for their goods. According to Ghandi, the British didn’t conquer India per se; rather the acceptance of British commerce, lifestyle and law allowed the British to govern India. For this very reason, Ghandi promotes a lifestyle lacking in machinery. â€Å"What did India do before these articles were introduced? Precisely the same should be done today. † (Ghandi 28-29) In Ghandi’s opinion, removing economic ties to Britain and rest of Europe, India would eventually attain sovereignty. Clearly, the economy plays a vital role in colonization and is a strong motivation by providing raw materials and markets to sell finished goods. The question that begs to be asked is: How were Europeans able to convince or force other parts of the world to accept colonization? The answer has everything to do with image. If natives didn’t believe that the Europeans were superior, revolts would have been much more widespread. In turn, European militaries would have been spread too thin and outnumbered. The key to preventing this lies in creating the illusion for natives that the Europeans are superior in every way and resistance is futile. The style of rule is as important as the fact the Europeans are in control of the colony. Typically the French would use a divide and conquer strategy. They would bring in French administrators and subject the natives to French culture. This was effective because the French often grouped tribes or groups of natives that didn’t get along. Instead of fighting the French, the natives would fight amongst themselves. On the other hand, the British would preserve parts of the local system and choose natives leaders. This was effective for the British because it gave the natives the illusion of a certain level of autonomy while the British remained in control. Kollenbroich) The socio-economic model in most colonies was noticeably lacking a middle class. On one hand there are the natives who are often dirt poor by European standards and on the other hand there are the business and elite classes that are continually sucking profit out of the colonies. This is somewhat true of even Europe because of industrialization which left a large lower class working in the factories fo r minimal wages. The Trend of Globalization The push towards a more global economy has several important consequences. Many states that were once colonizing powers have seen their role shift to that of economic powerhouses with global cities that serve as command and control centers for the economy. (Sassen, 4) In the wake of globalization, an increasing number of firms have centralized their business presence in the downtown areas of global cities and placed numerous factories in foreign states to take advantage of lower labor prices. The placement or acquisition of factories in other states is known as foreign direct investment (FDI). The five major exporters of capital (United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Germany) account for 70 percent of FDI (Sassen 11). According to Sassen, â€Å"the growth in FDI has been embedded in the internationalization of production of goods and services. † (Sassen: 10) This is readily evident when considering the number of factories being built in Latin American and Southeast Asian. The semiconductor explosion coupled with other industries choosing to locate in Asia has led to an â€Å"emergence of Southeast Asia as a crucial transnational space for production. (Sassen: 11) Prominent American companies have increasingly moved the manufacturing of products offshore to take advantage of more lax labor laws and significantly lower wages. The transition from colonization to globalization has seen the role of foreign countries move from buying products to creating products cheaply. The economics of intervention has played a more dominant role in foreign policy and will continue to do so in the future. For decades the United States and Soviet Union struggled to see capitalism and communism spread, respectively. The struggle played out both economically and militarily in many countries throughout the world and is important because more often than not decolonized countries would be in need of economic and sometimes military intervention. More recently, the United States and other countries have faced decisions about whether to intervene in situations such as Somalia and other African states. Interventions such as these are often viewed by the much of the public as too little too late and this can be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of economic interest in the conflict. In fact, intervention costs millions and sometimes billions of dollars which, in many politicians’ eyes, is not justified. To make matters worse, politicians are very careful about labeling conflicts as massacres or genocide because as soon as a conflict is labeled as such, it ethically requires intervention. What happens then to a state caught between colonization and globalization that has little or no economical tie to the global economy? If the conflict receives enough attention on the world stage and there is enough bloodshed, then there is a good chance that a peacekeeping force will intervene. However, the chance of intervention in a conflict with little or no bloodshed is much slimmer and may never materialize. Case Study: Zimbabwe According to the International Crisis Group, â€Å"Zimbabwe’s economy is hemorrhaging. † (Zimbabwe: 5) Zimbabwe’s economy has shrunk approximately 25 percent since 1998, inflation is more than 228% percent (Zimbabwe: CIA) and unemployment is higher than 60 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has decreased from 436 million USD in 1998 to 4. 5 million USD. The FDI alone is indicative of an ever increasing gap between today’s global economy and the economy of Zimbabwe. Any economic ties that Zimbabwe has with the rest of the world are slowly wasting away with a decrease in gold production and decreased foreign aid. In fact, reducing hours and production volume is now the norm and has led to a scarcity of basic commodities within the country. To make a poor situation even worse, the government of Zimbabwe has been directing farm seizures that have led to 95 percent of large scale farmers either stopping operations or being severely disrupted. The food production has declined by 40 percent and prompted a United Nations (UN) report that warns of the potential of famine. If predictions hold true, Zimbabwe’s harvests will not be enough to feed the entire population Zimbabwe will be forced to import food. The government has gone as far as deploying army and police units to deal with riots, should they break out. (Zimbabwe) The ruling ZANU-PF party has been systematically eliminating opposition from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). The ZANU-PF has been accused of distributing food to party members rather than equally which means that even children of MDC supporters have food withheld. ZANU-PF supporters, civil servants and traditional leaders are blocking MDC supporters from acquiring maize †¦ It is clear that some schemes have been discriminatory for months without the donor being aware. (Zimbabwe: 7) Thus far, the rest of the world has been passive about the happenings in Zimbabwe. In part, this can be attributed to the need to intervene if a country or countries declare a humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe. As noted earlier the FDI has dramatically declined resulting in essentially no economic ties between Zimbabwe and the rest of the world. More than likely, aid or intervention will not take place without a crisis that places Zimbabwe in the center of the world stage. Zimbabwe is just one former colony of many (in Africa and other parts of the world) that gained independence and left behind the imperialistic economy. Unfortunately, Zimbabwe has stepped out of one economic model and failed to step into the global economy. This is evident in the dramatically decreased FDI and production as well as the lack of intervention from other states. Focus on Former African Colonies World War II left the European powers (with the exception of Portugal) scrambling to leave Africa. As alluded to earlier, colonizing is an expensive business that takes enormous resources and ultimately is profitable for a relatively small number people. Most European colonies in Africa were never as profitable as had been hoped for couldn’t be justified like India and some other colonies. The bad name given to imperialism by Hitler helped accelerate the process in Africa as well as other parts of the world. Due to a lack of economic motivation capable of transcending national boundaries, many former colonies have descended into civil wars and other disputes between nations within the state. As demonstrated with Zimbabwe, this conflict is not necessarily militarily (although this is often the case) carried out and may be something as appalling as withholding food or other basic commodities from a portion of the population. Countless other African states such as Somali, Uganda, Liberia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda and the Congo have had or continue to have conflicts between nations. Many countries in Africa are lacking a solid economy that isn’t dominated by a single sector such as agriculture.

Creating a Writing Technolgy :: Invention Inventing Writing Essays

Creating a Writing Technolgy This paper is an analysis of the assignment given to "create" a writing technology. The attempt must be made to write a twenty (or fewer) word text using natural materials only, that is, materials that have not been processed, produced, or man-made. The goal is to create a writing technology that uses natural materials, that has permanence, that is legible, and finally, that is creative. I stumbled onto my "paper" when I found large pieces of bark that had fallen off tall trees on campus. The piece I collected was approximately three feet long by one foot wide. The condition of my "paper" was rather poor. The exterior surface was rough and gnarled - impossible to write on - and the interior surface, though while overall it was smooth, was rusty brown with various discolorations and had slight raises and bumps in its surface. The bark was cracked along the length of it in many places and ready to break apart if it were to be dropped. With such a unique surface, I found it interesting that I had taken the quality of good paper for granted. Mark Twain describes his experience of buying a new writing device - a typewriter. Yet he makes no comment on the paper he used (500-3). No doubt the paper he used was of much poorer quality than the paper found today, yet Mark Twain makes no mention of how the typewriter worked on the paper of his day. Perhaps it was a nonissue, that in the same way that I take for granted the good quality of paper today, Mark Twain also took for granted the paper he had available. This experience is consistent with Dennis Baron's view that "we have a way of getting so used to writing technologies that we come to think of them as natural rather than technological" (51). Whether it was paper produced today or in the day of Mark Twain, respectively we were so familiar with the quality of the existing writing mediums that little consideration is given to the materials themselves - as long as they work. Now faced with a project of writing on a piece of bark, my assumptions were suddenly removed and I was able to examine writing as a truly laborious process. In choosing my "ink", I desired a fruit or vegetable that would be easily obtainable, and that would permanently stain the bark.

9th Amendment

History of the 9th Amendment The 9th Amendment reads â€Å"The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. † In other words, people retain more rights than the ones listed in the Constitution. The 9th amendment is one the least referred to Amendments in decisions of the Supreme Court. People also say it is one of the most confusing, controversial and misunderstood Amendments to the Constitution.The 9th Amendment has an interesting background. When the Constitution was written by the Constitutional Convention and submitted to the States for ratification, many began to argue that the Constitution did not protect the basic natural rights of the citizens. The Anti-Federalist Party (Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and George Mason) claimed that unless certain rights were written down in a Bill of Rights, the government would take over these rights and abuse people.Meanwhile, people in the Federalist Party, including George Washington, John Adams, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, believed that the Constitution didn’t give the government the authority to do anything that wasn’t stated in it. Therefore, they concluded that the Bill of Rights was not only unnecessary, but even potentially dangerous.They believed that if specific rights were listed to be protected from government involvement, people would get the idea that the government controlled the rights that were excluded. After hearing both sides of the argument, James Madison took a stand and tried coming up with a resolution to the problem even though he agreed more with the Federalists. On June 8, 1789, he brought up to Congress a list of his own suggested amendments to Congress.Among one of the Amendments, was a solution that was later called the 9th Amendment. His solution was worded like this: â€Å"The exceptions here or elsewhere in the constitution, made in favor of particular rights, shall not b e so construed as to diminish the just importance of other rights retained by the people; or as to enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution; but either as actual limitations of such powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution.The Congress accepted James Madison’s solution, but not without some final touches before it was added to the Constitution. Congress simplified the wording so that it could be understood better by the people. In the end, the Anti-Federalists won the argument and the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. Works Cited â€Å"9th Amendment to the US Constitution. † 9th Amendment. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. . 2. Farber, Daniel A. â€Å"The ‘Silent' Ninth Amendment Gives Americans Rights They Don't Know They Have. † Home. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. .

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins the theme that there is most focuses on is the experience getting out of reading a poem. When reading a poem readers tend to just read the poem and then come to a direct conclusion and assume that they understand the meaning, and not looking at it in a different way. This is not what Billy Collins wants â€Å"them† referring to his students to do. In the first stanzas it shows how â€Å"I† who is referred to himself wants â€Å"them† to experience the poem.The tone the author has changes throughout the poem. By looking at the first two words in the beginning of the first three stanzas, there is a clear change in tone. The change in tone shows that his temper is rising as the poem progresses. He starts off by â€Å"I ask them† which is polite, then in the next stanzas â€Å"I say† which is more direct and in the third stanzas â€Å"I want them t o† which indicates that his mood and tone has changed. The way Billy Collins chooses to describe the experience with particular images.In the first stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a color slide† that creates a strong imagery that readers have to squint their eyes to look at the slide clearly. In the second stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a hive†, it might be difficult to fully understand a poem, but one can succeed even though it seems difficult. In the third and fourth stanza, Billy Collins compares â€Å"poem† to â€Å"a maze† and â€Å"a room in a house†, that indicates that the reader must feel lost and frustration. Yet, the last two stanzas show a harsh and different contrast to the previous stanzas.The tone and imagery has a negative kind of manner towards poetry, as he describes the way his students read and rush to a conclusion. The author describes â€Å"poem† as â€Å"a prisoner†, being tied to a chair and tortured with a hose. It adds a mocking, yet humorous tone to the whole poem, mocking at the incorrect attitudes of students towards poetry, hoping to alert the readers at the same time. The poet’s choice of words gives dramatic imagery for the readers, In hope of changing the reading and interpretations of the poem. Reading Poetry† and â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† are bough similar in the way that they are describing poetry and the way they relate to how people do and should interpret poetry. â€Å"Reading Poetry† has more focus on how people see poetry for and against point of view. It tells the reader a lot about the history of poetry and the way poets write poems. The structure in â€Å"Reading Poetry† is very organized in the sense that the author starts off by writing about the ancient Greeks and Romans and works its way all the way down to how different people interpret a poem.The two texts are very different when it come s to the contexts and lay out, but the author’s bought state the same opinion. They way to understand a poem is what they discuss the most, it is also a very important key element when reading a poem. Poets use their poems to express emotions and experiences; they then pass them on to the reader to give the reader a feeling of the author way of seeing things. Text 2 â€Å"Reading Poetry† goes into detail with trying to define poetry. This is a question that cannot be answered but is a personal opinion, just like art. Poems are a work of art, some like it others don’t. It’s a matter of taste.

Strange Fruit Music and Social Consciousness

Strange Fruit Music and Social Consciousness The movie under consideration is the Strange Fruit directed by Kyle Schickner which aims to show people the social problems and their arousal by means of the appearance of one song, from the day of its creation up to the day of its release in public which has managed to make an outburst of public opinion and antiracial movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strange Fruit’ Music and Social Consciousness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Watching the movie from the first up to the last scene, you understand that the song has managed to raise social opinion and the historic facts cannot be changed, but the movie is directed in such a way that each time one is worried about the outcome. The movie is psychological as well as historic and the struggle against discrimination has always been a priority for some people, but n0o one believed that a simple song can impact the society in the way it did. As for me, it wa s difficult to watch the movie as being psychological drama it made me worry about each of the characters, especially those who were subjected to lynching and discrimination. At the same time, I was impressed with the history of the song creation and how one single performance can change the attitude of the whole society to the problem. Even though the movie shows the history of the son and its creation, the main idea is deeper. The movie is devoted to the social illness and points at one of the solutions which may be taken for solving the issue which is in the air, but people are afraid of talking about it referencing to the fear and social prejudices. The main idea of the Angela Davis’ essay â€Å"‘Strange Fruit’ Music and Social Consciousness† is to show the society how one particular song may become the icon for the whole nation, how one particular idea may help people understand that it is important to resist lynching, racial discrimination and other specific biased attitude in relation to some particular classes of people. â€Å"She could not have predicted that â€Å"Strange Fruit† would impel people to discover within themselves a previously unawakened calling to political activism, but it did, and it does. She could not have foreseen the catalytic role her song would play in rejuvenating the tradition of protest and resistance in African-American and American traditions of popular music and culture† (Davis 196) is the quote which shows that the singer song this song to entertain people and could not even expect that others would feel the same as she did, the desire to act against those who believe that lynching and discrimination are the normal actions in the society;Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More it describes the meaning of the song and perfectly summarizes the main idea of the Angela Davis†™ essay â€Å"‘Strange Fruit’ Music and Social Consciousness† as it points at the problems which the quote arises and at the same time considers the relation of the singer to the song, particularly the unexpected success of the song in the context is appeared; it is obvious that the song raises the problems of discrimination and it is important to remember that the presence of such films inspire other people for creating something new, such as the movie Strange Fruit also aimed at increasing the social concern about the problems of lynching, cultural and racial discrimination and the attitude of the society to the problems. Davis, Angela. â€Å"‘Strange Fruit’ Music and Social Consciousness.† Blues Legacies and Black Feminism. Ed. Angela Davis. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998. Print.

International Business - Value and Supply Chains Essay

International Business - Value and Supply Chains - Essay Example This exemplifies the concept of value chain. The concept of value chain was introduced and popularized by Michael Porter in his bestseller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (Value Chain 2005). In this book which was published in 1985, he clearly describes what value chain is. He has identified a set of interrelated activities common to a wide range of firms. Value chain is "a high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to customers (What is value chain 2005)." This is possible, since Michael Porter, as stated above, has already devised a way to classify the activities of a firm in its operation. Value chain therefore, categorizes the "value-adding activities of an organization (Value Chain 2005)." Michael Porter classified business activities as either primary or support activities. Primary activities include: inbound logistics, production, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, maintenance. Meanwhile administrative infrastructure management, human resources management, R&D, and procurement comprise the support activities. ... Primary activities involves those activitieswhich starts as the procurement of raw materials from suppliers to bringing them to customer. Inbound logistics involve the "receiving, warehousing, and inventory control" of the company's input. Meanwhile, operations comprise the value adding activities which transforms the raw materials into the final output. Outbound logistics are the activities which are necessary to bring the finished product to customers like storage, order fulfilment, warehousing, etc. Marketing and sales are the company's effort to attract buyers to purchase the products (The Value Chain 2004). Maintenance and ehancement of products' value through customer support and repair services. All these activities in the value chain are designed to add value that the customer derived from the company's products or services. Figure 1. Primary Activities of the Value Chain The main goal of support activities is to facilitate the primary activities. Procurement is essentially the purchasing of raw materials and other inputs utilized in value adding activities. On the other hand, technology and development, process automation and other technologies which are used to simplify and aid in the company's production. Human resource management involves the process of recruitment, development, motivation, and compensation of employees working for the business. Firm infrastructure is comprised of activities such as finance, legal quality, management, etc (The Value Chain 2004). This paper will look at the value chain of Dell Incorporated. It will focus on the trends currently happening in the global market and how these changes may influence the value chain of the business entity. Dell Incorporated and its

Human resource management practice A substitute for trade unions Dissertation

Human resource management practice A substitute for trade unions - Dissertation Example Introduction Human resource management is a complete philosophy suggesting management of all personnel related issues in the light of vision of the organization and integrated with the organization’s strategy and policy (Pieper 1990). Traditionally, staff management is mainly targeted on tasks such as staffing, work design and rewarding however now the concept has been broadened to include in it personnel development and strategy specific actions. With this broad change where we talk about realizing the real potential of people and managing them in a way that they produce efficient results (Venter & Van der Waldt 2007) is it suitable to say that modern human resource management practice has substituted trade unions which were common a few years back to make the voice of laborers heard and acted. This research study, therefore, seeks to explore if human resource management practice has substituted trade unions or not. 1.1 Project Aims and Objectives As mentioned above research question guiding this research study asks has contemporary human resource management practice substituted trade unions. Having developed this research question, this research study seeks to attain following aims and objectives. To explore the role of modern human resource management in personnel management and development. To critically evaluate the role of trade unions in modern human resource management practice. To identify factors contributing to decline in trade unions if it is not modern HRM practices. 1.2 Project Approach This research study is primarily focused on secondary data and hence is categorized as desk research; Armstrong (2006, p. 53) defined desk research as â€Å"the assembly, collation and analysis of marketing information which is...Truss et al (1997) explained that hard HRM focuses attention on theory X whereas soft HRM focuses on theory Y. Truss et al (1997) examined that due to wide differences in these two approaches is it possible for an organization to u se both these models in integration; from their research they found that no organizations clearly follows any one of these models and though organizations focuses on commitment and conceptually targets to treat employees as humans (soft HRM concept) in reality where policies and strategic control is in action it is practically hard to stick to soft HRM and hence hard RM elements also come into action (Truss et al 1997). This study also looks into soft and hard HRM concepts and tries to relate it to the need of trade unions and which of the HRM versions may result in increase or decline in the number of trade unions. 2.4 Trade Unions and their Purpose Deb (2009) defined trade union as a representative body where employees are at the receiving end. Shmoop (2010, p. 1) defined labor union as â€Å"an organization established by and for workers to pursue collective workplace goals, benefits, work rules and power†.